[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.jakara.cz\/seznamte-se-s-byzantskou-estetikou\/#Article","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/www.jakara.cz\/seznamte-se-s-byzantskou-estetikou\/","headline":"Seznamte se s byzantskou estetikou","name":"Seznamte se s byzantskou estetikou","description":"Byzantsk\u00fd styl um\u011bn\u00ed postupn\u011b vykrystalizoval z\u00a0pozdn\u011b antick\u00e9ho a ran\u011b k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9ho um\u011bn\u00ed. Tento proces trval t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 200 let a jeho nositeli byli nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed etnick\u00e9 skupiny. Byzantsk\u00e9 um\u011bn\u00ed je zalo\u017een\u00e9 na k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9 v\u00ed\u0159e a jeho hlavn\u00edm \u00fakolem bylo p\u0159ed\u00e1vat pr\u00e1v\u011b n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e1 sd\u011blen\u00ed. Kol\u00e9bkou tohoto stylu byl Ca\u0159ihrad\/Konstantinopole\/Istanbul, kde se m\u00edsili p\u0159echoz\u00ed vlivy antiky, ale i vlivy v\u00fdchodn\u00edch &hellip; <p class=\"link-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.jakara.cz\/seznamte-se-s-byzantskou-estetikou\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continue reading<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> \"Seznamte se s byzantskou estetikou\"<\/span><\/a><\/p>","datePublished":"2020-01-23","dateModified":"2023-05-25","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.jakara.cz\/author\/#Person","name":"","url":"https:\/\/www.jakara.cz\/author\/","identifier":1,"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/e4532b7f65738965bbad8697e5bd54c0628af7bffe8d3c856885c44d86978cee?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/e4532b7f65738965bbad8697e5bd54c0628af7bffe8d3c856885c44d86978cee?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"jakara.cz","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"\/logo.png","url":"\/logo.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.jakara.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a367709_w3241_t1580225665.jpg","url":"https:\/\/www.jakara.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a367709_w3241_t1580225665.jpg","height":0,"width":0},"url":"https:\/\/www.jakara.cz\/seznamte-se-s-byzantskou-estetikou\/","about":["Kultura"],"wordCount":513,"articleBody":"Byzantsk\u00fd styl um\u011bn\u00ed postupn\u011b vykrystalizoval z\u00a0pozdn\u011b antick\u00e9ho a ran\u011b k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9ho um\u011bn\u00ed. Tento proces trval t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 200 let a jeho nositeli byli nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed etnick\u00e9 skupiny. Byzantsk\u00e9 um\u011bn\u00ed je zalo\u017een\u00e9 na k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9 v\u00ed\u0159e a jeho hlavn\u00edm \u00fakolem bylo p\u0159ed\u00e1vat pr\u00e1v\u011b n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e1 sd\u011blen\u00ed. Kol\u00e9bkou tohoto stylu byl Ca\u0159ihrad\/Konstantinopole\/Istanbul, kde se m\u00edsili p\u0159echoz\u00ed vlivy antiky, ale i vlivy v\u00fdchodn\u00edch st\u00e1t\u016f. A\u010dkoliv se tu m\u00edsili v\u011bt\u0161inou protiklady, byzantsk\u00e9 um\u011bn\u00ed vzniklo pr\u00e1v\u011b z\u00a0nich a vytvo\u0159ilo ucelen\u00fd styl.Nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed byla pro byzantsk\u00e9 um\u011bn\u00ed architektura, ikonomalba a tvorba fresek a mozaik.Byzantsk\u00e1 filozofiePro Byzantince se vesm\u00edr v\u017edy rozpadala na dva vyhran\u011bn\u00e9 sv\u011bty. Sv\u011bt smyslov\u00fd a sv\u011bt duchovn\u00ed. Prim\u00e1rn\u00ed byl pro n\u011b sv\u011bt duchovn\u00ed, v\u00a0kter\u00e9m vl\u00e1dla \u00fapln\u00e1 harmonie. Tato logika dvou sv\u011bt\u016f platila i na \u010dlov\u011bka, kter\u00fd se stejn\u011b tak m\u011bl rozpadat na \u017eivel materi\u00e1ln\u00ed a \u017eivel duchovn\u00ed. V\u00a0Byzanci nikdy nem\u011bl obraz abstraktn\u00ed formu a jeho z\u00e1kladem v\u017edy z\u016fst\u00e1vala lidsk\u00e1 postava. T\u00edm se v\u00fdrazn\u011b li\u0161\u00ed od Orientu, kde \u010dist\u00fd ornament a abstraktn\u00ed geometrick\u00e9 tvary p\u0159eva\u017euj\u00ed.Byzantsk\u00e1 architekturaByzantsk\u00e1 architektura nav\u00e1zala na architekturu \u0158\u00edmsk\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e a dalo by se \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee se rozv\u00edjela dv\u011bma hlavn\u00edmi sm\u011bry: jednak pod\u00e9ln\u00fd typ \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 basiliky a jednakvyvinula centr\u00e1ln\u00ed typ stavebs\u00a0p\u016fdorysem rovnoramenn\u00e9ho k\u0159\u00ed\u017ee a centr\u00e1ln\u00ed kupol\u00ed. P\u0159\u00edkladem typick\u00e9 centr\u00e1ln\u00ed stavby je nap\u0159\u00edklad Hagia Sofia.Tato notoricky zn\u00e1m\u00e1 stavba m\u011bla neoby\u010dejnou v\u00fdzdobu, z\u00a0kter\u00e9 se ale nedochovalo skoro nic \u2013 byla zni\u010dena b\u011bhem povst\u00e1n\u00ed Nik\u00e1 a p\u0159i konverzi kostela na me\u0161itu.Mezi charakteristick\u00e9 znaky byzantsk\u00e9 architektury pat\u0159\u00ed kupole, barevn\u00e9 efekty exteri\u00e9ru a interi\u00e9r\u016f, d\u016fraz na vnit\u0159n\u00ed prostor chr\u00e1m\u016f a hojn\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed mozaiky, n\u00e1st\u011bnn\u00fdch a n\u00e1stropn\u00edch maleb. Velmi zaj\u00edmav\u00fdm faktem je, \u017ee stavby byly z\u00e1m\u011brn\u011b stav\u011bny tak, aby vznikal kontrast mezi vnit\u0159kem a vn\u011bj\u0161kem. Vnit\u0159n\u00ed prostory staveb jsou bohat\u011b zdoben\u00e9 mozaikami a kresbami, zat\u00edmco exteri\u00e9r je pon\u011bkud chud\u00fd a stroh\u00fd, v\u011bt\u0161inou se jedn\u00e1 o nezdoben\u00e9 cihlov\u00e9 st\u011bny. Tento kontrast m\u011bl p\u0159edstavovat kontrast mezi nebeskou klenbou a prost\u00fdm pozemsk\u00fdm \u017eivotem.Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed vliv m\u011blo byzantsk\u00e9 um\u011bn\u00ed na \u0158ecko a Rusko, byzantsk\u00e9 stavby v\u0161ak lze naj\u00edt nap\u0159\u00edklad i na Sic\u00edlii, nebo v\u00a0Ben\u00e1tk\u00e1ch. Typick\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkladem \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed byzantsk\u00e9ho stylu je Kostel sv. Marka v\u00a0Ben\u00e1tk\u00e1ch. Jeho vzorem byl Kostel sv. Apo\u0161tol\u016f z\u00a0Konstantinopole.Byzantsk\u00e9 um\u011bn\u00ed je dechberouc\u00ed kombinac\u00ed v\u00edce styl\u016f odli\u0161n\u00fdch kultur. Lze to spat\u0159it zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b v\u00a0architektu\u0159e, kterou lze obdivovat nap\u0159\u00edklad v\u00a0\u0158ecku, Turecku, ale i\u00a0Rusku.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        4.7\/5 - (9 votes)        "},{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Seznamte se s byzantskou estetikou","item":"https:\/\/www.jakara.cz\/seznamte-se-s-byzantskou-estetikou\/#breadcrumbitem"}]}]